Nowruz — the Afghan new year — janda bala at Mazar, tulips, and haft mewa (Culture, modified 2026-08-26 15:10)
Durrani Empire — The Afghan empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, spanning parts of Central Asia and the Iranian plateau. (History, modified 2026-08-25 18:22)
Shah Shuja Durrani — A Durrani monarch who ruled Afghanistan in two separate reigns during the early 19th century. (People, modified 2026-08-25 18:17)
Ayub Khan — the Victor of Maiwand — Herat governor, rival amir, and exile in Lahore (People, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Battle of Jamrud — 1837 military confrontation between Afghan and Sikh forces over control of the Khyber Pass. (History, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Battle of Maiwand — Ayub Khan's victory over Burrows' brigade — Britain's worst field defeat in Afghanistan (History, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Dost Muhammad Khan — Founder of the Barakzai dynasty — the Great Emir who reunited Afghanistan and survived the First Anglo-Afghan War (People, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Habibullah Kalakani — Tajik rebel leader who briefly ruled Afghanistan as Emir in 1929 before being overthrown and executed. (People, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Hindu Kush — the great range of Afghanistan — passes, peaks, and a contested name (Geography, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Kabul — Afghanistan's capital — 3,500 years at the crossroads of empires (Places, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Muhammad Alam Khan Barakzai — Son of Rahim Dil Khan; Kandahar commander who surrendered to Dost Muhammad and died returning from exile (People, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Rahim Dil Khan — the last Sardar of the Principality of Kandahar (People, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Saur Revolution — The April 1978 Marxist coup that overthrew President Daud and ignited decades of war. (History, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Second Anglo-Afghan War — the 1878–1880 conflict that shaped Afghan foreign policy for four decades (History, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Sherpur Cantonment — Former British military encampment in Kabul, now a cemetery and historic site (Places, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Siege of the Kabul Residency — Eight-day standoff in September 1879 that ended in the massacre of the British envoy and his escort. (History, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment — December 1879 battle where British forces repelled Afghan attackers during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (History, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Sir Louis Cavagnari — British military administrator and diplomat whose 1879 assassination in Kabul triggered the Second Anglo-Afghan War. (People, modified 2026-08-25 05:05)
Habibullah Khan — Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 to 1919 who modernized the country and maintained neutrality during World War I. (People, modified 2026-08-25 04:19)
Kot District — A Pashto-speaking district in northern Nangarhar Province, notable for 2015-2016 ISIS clashes. (Places, modified 2026-08-25 02:39)
Panjdeh Incident — An 1885 armed engagement and diplomatic crisis between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire over the Panjdeh oasis. (History, modified 2026-08-24 22:51)
Abdur Rahman Khan — The Iron Amir (r. 1880–1901) who unified Afghanistan, built its first modern army, and drew the Durand Line (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:33)
Salang Tunnel — Soviet-built crossing of the Hindu Kush, the strategic lifeline of Afghanistan (Geography, modified 2026-08-24 20:18)
Ahmad Shah Durrani — founder of the Afghan state, crowned at Kandahar in 1747 (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Alexander Burnes — Scottish explorer and British political agent assassinated in Kabul, 1841 (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Ali Mardan Khan — Kurdish governor who defected from Safavids to Mughals, built Lahore's Shalimar Garden canal and Kabul's Char Chatta Bazaar (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Arg of Kabul — the presidential citadel at the heart of Kabul, built by Abdur Rahman Khan in the 1880s (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Babur — the exiled Timurid who made Kabul his kingdom and left his memoirs (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Bala Hissar of Kabul — ancient fortress of Kabul — Mughal palace, Durrani arsenal, site of the Cavagnari massacre (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Balkh — "the mother of all cities" — ancient Bactra on the northern plain (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Battle of Kandahar (1880) — Roberts' march from Kabul and the last battle of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (History, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Battle of Peiwar Kotal — Roberts' opening victory in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, December 1878 (History, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Blue Mosque of Mazar-i Sharif — the Shrine of Hazrat Ali — the Noble Tomb that named a city (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Buzkashi — goat-dragging — the national game of horsemen and khans (Culture, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Char Chatta Bazaar — Mughal-era covered marketplace in Kabul, destroyed by British forces in 1842 (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Chilzina — the Forty Steps — Babur's rock-cut inscription terrace above Old Kandahar (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Dari — Afghanistan's Persian — the court language, the lingua franca (Languages, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Darul Aman Palace — Amanullah Khan's neoclassical palace — symbol of Afghan modernisation, ruined by civil war, restored in the 2010s (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts — "Bobs" — the Victorian general who marched to Kandahar and foresaw the Great War (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Gardens of Babur — the Mughal emperor's garden and final resting place in Kabul (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Kandahar — Afghanistan's second city: ancient Arachosia, Durrani capital, Taliban birthplace (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Kandahar Province — the fertile-arid south: Arghandab orchards, Registan desert, Spin Boldak frontier (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Khushal Khan Khattak — the warrior-poet of Pashto literature who fought the Mughal Empire (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Malalai of Maiwand — the legendary heroine of the 1880 Battle of Maiwand (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Mirwais Hotak — the Ghilji chief who overthrew Safavid rule and founded the first Afghan state (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Neolithic ancestry in South Asia — a Neolithic paternal lineage from West Asia that predates the Steppe migrations (History, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Noshaq — Afghanistan's highest peak — 7,492 metres on the Durand Line (Geography, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Old Kandahar — the ruined ancient city of Alexandria Arachosia, destroyed by Nader Shah in 1738 (Places, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Pashto — the Pashtun tongue — Afghanistan's national language and one of its official voices (Languages, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Rahman Baba — the Sufi poet of Peshawar, the most beloved voice in Pashto literature (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Sher Ali Khan — Amir of Afghanistan 1863–1879, whose reign ended in the Second Anglo-Afghan War (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Steppe ancestry in South Asia — how Bronze Age pastoralists from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe reshaped the genetics of the subcontinent (History, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Timur Shah Durrani — the Durrani ruler who moved Afghanistan's capital to Kabul (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Treaty of Gandamak — 1879 agreement ending the first phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (History, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Wakhan Corridor — Afghanistan's narrow appendage to China, shaped by the Great Game (Geography, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)
Wazir Akbar Khan — Afghan leader of the 1842 retreat from Kabul, celebrated as a national hero (People, modified 2026-08-24 20:16)