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Talc Mining in Afghanistan

Talc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, with the chemical formula Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂.[1][2]EnglishTalc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, with the chemical formula Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂.پښتوتالک یو خټکی معدنی دی چې د هایډریټ شوي مګنیزیم سیلیکټ څخه جوړ شوی، د کیمیاوي فارمول سره Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂.دریتالک یک ماده معدنی خاکی است که از سیلیکات منیزیم هیدراته شده تشکیل شده است و فرمول شیمیایی آن Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ است. It is characterized as one of the softest minerals in nature and is often used as a lubricant or thickening agent.[1][2][3]EnglishIt is characterized as one of the softest minerals in nature and is often used as a lubricant or thickening agent.پښتودا په طبیعت کې یو له نرمو منرالونو څخه ځانګړتیا لري او ډیری وختونه د غوړ یا ضخامت اجنټ په توګه کارول کیږي.دریاین به عنوان یکی از نرم ترین مواد معدنی در طبیعت مشخص می شود و اغلب به عنوان یک روغن یا ماده ضخیم کننده استفاده می شود. In powdered form, it is commonly combined with corn starch to produce talcum powder.[1][3][4][5]EnglishIn powdered form, it is commonly combined with corn starch to produce talcum powder.پښتوپه پوډر شکل کې، دا معمولا د مکئی نشایسته سره یوځای کیږي ترڅو د تالک پوډر تولید کړي.دریبه شکل پودر، معمولاً با نشاسته ذرت ترکیب می شود تا پودر تالک تولید شود. In Afghanistan, talc is an important national industry and a significant source of economic revenue.[6][7][8]EnglishIn Afghanistan, talc is an important national industry and a significant source of economic revenue.پښتوپه افغانستان کې، تالک یو مهم ملي صنعت دی او د اقتصادي عوایدو یوه مهمه سرچینه ده.دریدر افغانستان، تالک یک صنعت مهم ملی و یک منبع مهم درآمد اقتصادی است.

Geological Distribution

Afghanistan possesses approximately 25 talc mines and mineral occurrences across various provinces.[9]EnglishAfghanistan possesses approximately 25 talc mines and mineral occurrences across various provinces.پښتوافغانستان په بیلابیلو ولایتونو کې شاوخوا ۲۵ د تالک کانونه او معدني پیښې لري.دریافغانستان تقریباً ۲۵ معدن تالک و معدن معدنی در ولایت های مختلف دارد. Significant deposits are identified in Nangarhar, Kabul, Kapisa Province, Baghlan, Mianward Valley, Prowan, Ghazni Province, Kandahar Province, Khost, Loker, and Bamyan Province.[9]EnglishSignificant deposits are identified in Nangarhar, Kabul, Kapisa Province, Baghlan, Mianward Valley, Prowan, Ghazni Province, Kandahar Province, Khost, Loker, and Bamyan Province.پښتود پام وړ زیرمې په ننګرهار ولایت، کابل، کاپیسا ولایت، بغلان، میانورډ ویلی، پروان، غزني ولایت، کندهار ولایت، خوست، لوکر، او بامیان ولایت کې پیژندل شوي.دریسپرده های مهم در ولایت ننگرهار، کابل، ولایت کاپیسا، بغلان، وادی میانورد، پروان، ولایت غزنی، ولایت قندهار، خوست، لوکر و ولایت بامیان شناسایی شده است. In Nangarhar, a major deposit is located along the northern slopes of the Spin Ghar Range in the Achin district.[10][14]EnglishIn Nangarhar, a major deposit is located along the northern slopes of the Spin Ghar Range in the Achin district.پښتوپه ننګرهار ولایت کې، یوه لویه زیرمه په اچین ولسوالۍ کې د سپین ګار رینج شمالي څنډو کې موقعیت لري.دریدر ولایت ننگرهار، یک سپرده بزرگ در امتداد دامنه های شمالی دامنه سپین غار در ناحیه اچین واقع شده است. The largest mine in the country is situated on the border with Pakistan in the Nangarhar province.[6][7]EnglishThe largest mine in the country is situated on the border with Pakistan in the Nangarhar province.پښتوپه هیواد کې ترټولو لوی کان د پاکستان سره په پوله کې د ننګرهار ولایت ولایت کې موقعیت لري.دریبزرگ ترین معدن کشور در مرز با پاکستان در ولایت ولایت ننگرهار واقع شده است.

Industrial Importance and Exports

Talc is utilized in a wide range of industries, including the production of ceramics, paints, cosmetics, rubber, and cosmetics.[1][3][6]EnglishTalc is utilized in a wide range of industries, including the production of ceramics, paints, cosmetics, rubber, and cosmetics.پښتوتالک په پراخه کچه صنعتونو کې کارول کیږي، پشمول د سیرامیک، رنګونو، کاسمیټکس، ربړ او کاسمیټکس تولید.دریتالک در طیف گسترده ای از صنایع از جمله تولید سرامیک، رنگ ها، لوازم آرایشی، لاستیک و لوازم آرایشی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. It serves as an ingredient in various industrial applications and is used in the production of decorative items.[1][6]EnglishIt serves as an ingredient in various industrial applications and is used in the production of decorative items.پښتودا په بیلابیلو صنعتي غوښتنلیکونو کې د اجزاوو په توګه کار کوي او د سینګار توکو په تولید کې کارول کیږي.دریاین به عنوان یک ماده در کاربردهای مختلف صنعتی عمل می کند و در تولید اقلام تزئینی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. Afghanistan produces approximately 500,000 tonnes of talc annually.[6][7]EnglishAfghanistan produces approximately 500,000 tonnes of talc annually.پښتوافغانستان په کال کې شاوخوا ۵۰۰،۰۰۰ ټنه ټالک تولیدوي.دریافغانستان سالانه حدود ۵۰۰،۰۰۰ تن تالک تولید می کند. A large portion of this mineral is exported to international markets through Pakistan.[6][7]EnglishA large portion of this mineral is exported to international markets through Pakistan.پښتود دې معدنياتو یوه لویه برخه د پاکستان له لارې نړیوالو بازارونو ته صادریږي.دریبخش بزرگی از این مواد معدنی از طریق پاکستان به بازارهای بین المللی صادر می شود. The Ministry of Industry and Commerce recently resumed the export of talc stone from a key mine in the eastern province of Nangarhar.[11][15]EnglishThe Ministry of Industry and Commerce recently resumed the export of talc stone from a key mine in the eastern province of Nangarhar.پښتود صنعت او سوداګرۍ وزارت په دې وروستیو کې د ننګرهار ولایت په ختیځ ولایت کې د کلیدي کان څخه د تالک ډبرې صادرات بیا پیل کړل.دریوزارت صنعت و تجارت اخیراً صادرات سنگ تالک را از یک معدن کلیدی در ولایت شرقی ولایت ننگرهار از سر گرفت. In the two months preceding May 2021, thousands of tonnes of talc stone were exported.[11]EnglishIn the two months preceding May 2021, thousands of tonnes of talc stone were exported.پښتود ۲۰۲۱ کال د می میاشتې څخه مخکې په دوو میاشتو کې، په زرګونو ټنه د تالک ډبرې صادر شوې وې.دریدر دو ماه قبل از ماه می ۲۰۲۱، هزاران تن سنگ تالک صادر شد.

Illegal Mining and Extremist Funding

The talc trade is subject to significant conflict and corruption.[12] The Islamic State – Khorasan Province also profits from the extraction of talc.[13] Research indicates that the Islamic State earns hundreds of thousands of dollars annually from illegal talc mining.[8][13] Roughly 80 percent of the illegally mined talc ends up in the United States and Europe.[8] Earnings from these illegal activities are used to fund extremist groups.[8]

Labor Conditions and Regulation

The talc mining sector is often criticized for being poorly regulated.[6][7] Workers in the mines report hazardous and dangerous conditions.[6] Some workers earn as little as 4 US dollars per day, receiving only two meals.[6] There is a lack of health and safety measures for workers in the mines.[6] Workers have reported contracting diseases, including cancer, due to exposure to hazardous substances in the talc.[6][16] Accounts differ regarding the level of assistance provided to injured workers; some reports indicate that mine owners provide no help for families of those killed or disabled in the mines.[6] One instance involved a worker who lost his leg while unloading a truck; he was forced to travel to Pakistan or India for treatment because the mine owner paid for the initial treatment but then cut off all ties, leaving him without funds for full treatment.[6] Another account describes a worker who died from a fall and received only 400 US dollars for funeral expenses.[6] The Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Afghanistan has noted the lack of safety and has called on mine and factory owners to increase wages for workers facing high risks.[6] The Ministry of Mines and Petroleum states that the law requires owners to provide necessary facilities for worker safety.[6]

Key Mining Districts

The Nangarhar province remains the primary hub for talc production in Afghanistan.[6][7][11]EnglishThe Nangarhar province remains the primary hub for talc production in Afghanistan.پښتود ننګرهار ولایت ولایت په افغانستان کې د تالک د تولید اصلي مرکز پاتې دی.دریولایت ولایت ننگرهار همچنان مرکز اصلی تولید تالک در افغانستان است. The Achin district is specifically noted for its geological and economic potential regarding talc deposits.[10][14]EnglishThe Achin district is specifically noted for its geological and economic potential regarding talc deposits.پښتود اچین ولسوالۍ په ځانګړي ډول د تالک زیرمو په اړه د هغې جیولوژیکي او اقتصادي ظرفیت لپاره پیژندل کیږي.دریولسوالی اچین به طور خاص بخاطر پتانسیل زمین شناسی و اقتصادی خود در مورد سپرده های تالک شناخته شده است. The Nangarhar provincial government's directorate of labor and social affairs has engaged with private companies to demand better safety standards for workers.[6]EnglishThe Nangarhar provincial government's directorate of labor and social affairs has engaged with private companies to demand better safety standards for workers.پښتود ننګرهار ولایت ولایتي حکومت د کار او ټولنیزو چارو ریاست د خصوصي شرکتونو سره د کارګرانو لپاره د خوندیتوب غوره معیارونو غوښتنه کړې ده.دریاداره کار و امور اجتماعی دولت ولایتی ولایت ننگرهار با شرکت های خصوصی همکاری کرده است تا استانداردهای ایمنی بهتر برای کارگران را مطالبه کنند.

Sources

  1. Talc - Wikipedia
  2. معادن طلق افغانستان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
  3. The Mineral Talc: Uses, Properties, Photos - Geology.com
  4. What Is Talc? Uses, Safety and Health Risks Explained
  5. Talcum Powder and Cancer - American Cancer Society
  6. د افغانستان د تالک کانونه - Institute for War & Peace Reporting - IWPR
  7. Afghanistan's Perilous Talc Mines - Institute for War and Peace Reporting
  8. Study: Taliban, IS Profit From Illegal Mining of Afghan Talc - VOA
  9. PDF معادن وظواهر معد فى تلك (Talc) وأخفانان
  10. Geological and Economic Study of Talc Mineral in Achin District, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
  11. Afghanistan resumes export of talc stone
  12. PDF The Islamic State, the Taliban, and Afghanistan'S White Talc Mountai
  13. د کانونو وزارت مني چې طالبان او داعش له تلک کانونو عاید لري - BBC
  14. Achin magnesite-talc deposit, Achin District, Nangarhar, Afghanistan
  15. Afghanistan resumes export of talc stone from Nangarhar