Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (6 February 1890 – 20 January 1988) was a Pashtun People independence activist and political leader.EnglishKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (6 February 1890 – 20 January 1988) was a Pashtun People independence activist and political leader.پښتوخان عبدالغفار خان (۶ فبروري ۱۸۹۰ تر ۱۸۲۰ جنوري ۱۹۸۸) پښتنو خلک ملت د خپلواکۍ فعال او سیاسي مشر و.دریخان عبدالغفار خان (۶ فبروری ۱۸۹۰ تا ۱۸۲۰ جنوری ۱۹۸۸) یک فعال استقلال مردم پشتون ها و رهبر سیاسی بود. He is widely known by his nicknames Bacha Khan, Badshah Khan, and Fakhr-e-Afghan.[1][2]EnglishHe is widely known by his nicknames Bacha Khan, Badshah Khan, and Fakhr-e-Afghan.پښتوهغه په پراخه کچه د باچا خان، بادشاه خان، او فخر افغان په نومونو پیژندل کیږي.دریاو به طور گسترده ای با لقب های باچا خان، بادشاه خان و فخر افغان شناخته شده است. Due to his ideological similarities and close friendship with Mahatma Gandhi, he was frequently referred to as the "Frontier Gandhi."[2]EnglishDue to his ideological similarities and close friendship with Mahatma Gandhi, he was frequently referred to as the "Frontier Gandhi."پښتود هغه د نظریاتي ورته والي او د مهاتما ګاندي سره د نږدې ملګرتیا له امله، هغه په مکرر ډول د "فرنټیر ګاندي" په نوم پیژندل شوی و.دریبه دلیل شباهت های ایدئولوژیک و دوستی نزدیک او با مهاتما گاندی، او اغلب به عنوان "گاندی مرزی" یاد می شد.
Early life and education
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was born in Utmanzai in the Punjab region of British India, which is now part of the North-West Frontier in Pakistan.[1][2]EnglishKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was born in Utmanzai in the Punjab region of British India, which is now part of the North-West Frontier in Pakistan.پښتوخان عبدالغفار خان د برتانیې راج په پنجاب سیمه کې په عثمانزۍ کې زیږیدلی، کوم چې اوس په پاکستان کې د شێملاخوا FRONTIER برخه ده.دریخان عبدالغفار خان در عثمانزی در منطقه پنجاب در سال British Raj متولد شد که حالا بخشی از North-West Frontier در پاکستان است. He was the son of Abdul Bahram Khan.[1][2]EnglishHe was the son of Abdul Bahram Khan.پښتوهغه د عبدالبهرام خان زوی و.دریاو پسر عبدالبهرام خان بود.
Founding of the Khudai Khidmatgar
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan founded the Khudai Khidmatgar resistance movement against British rule in colonial India.[2]EnglishKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan founded the Khudai Khidmatgar resistance movement against British rule in colonial India.پښتوخان عبدالغفار خان په استعماري هند کې د برتانوي واکمنۍ پروړاندې د خوډي خیدمتګار مقاومت غورځنګ تاسیس کړ.دریخان عبدالغفار خان، جنبش مقاومت خُدایی خیدمتگار را علیه حکومت بریتانیایی ها در هند استعماری تاسیس کرد. The movement was established in 1929 in the village of Hashnagir.[1]EnglishThe movement was established in 1929 in the village of Hashnagir.پښتودا غورځنګ په ۱۹۲۹ کال کې د هاشنګیر په کلي کې تاسیس شو.دریاین جنبش در سال ۱۹۲۹ در قریه هاشنگر تاسیس شد. The name "Khudai Khidmatgar" translates to "Servants of God," and it functioned as a social, moral, and reformist movement.[1]EnglishThe name "Khudai Khidmatgar" translates to "Servants of God," and it functioned as a social, moral, and reformist movement.پښتود "خودای خیدمتګار" نوم د "خدای خدمتګارانو" په معنی دی، او دا د ټولنیز، اخلاقي، او اصلاحي غورځنګ په توګه فعالیت کوي.درینام "خدایی خیدمتگر" به معنی "خدایان خدا" است و به عنوان یک جنبش اجتماعی، اخلاقی و اصلاح طلب عمل می کرد. The movement was based on a set of principles intended to inspire people to serve God's creation.[1]EnglishThe movement was based on a set of principles intended to inspire people to serve God's creation.پښتودا غورځنګ د یو لړ اصولو پر بنسټ ولاړ و چې هدف یې د خلکو هڅول وو چې د خدای مخلوق ته خدمت وکړي.دریاین جنبش بر اساس مجموعه ای از اصول بود که هدف آن الهام بخشیدن مردم برای خدمت به خلقت خدا بود.
The core tenets of the movement included:[1]
- Members must not harm others through speech or action.[1]
- Members must not speak ill of others or tell lies.[1]
- Members must remain patient and meet injustice with good character and love.[1]
- Members must not associate with oppressors and must help the oppressed.[1]
- Members must not hold grudges or enemies.[1]
- Members must abandon harmful customs and traditions that damage the nation and work to promote good ones.[1]
- Members must lead simple lives and engage in lawful work rather than being idle or exploitative.[1]
- Members must love and serve their country honestly, refusing to sell their country for money or position.[1]
- Members must follow the decisions of the majority of the group.[1]
Nonviolent resistance and Sarhadi Gandhi
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a spiritual and political leader known for his nonviolent opposition to the British Raj.[2][5]EnglishKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a spiritual and political leader known for his nonviolent opposition to the British Raj.پښتوخان عبدالغفار خان یو روحاني او سیاسي مشر و چې د برتانیې راج کال پر ضد د هغه د عدم تشدد مخالفت لپاره پیژندل شوی و.دریخان عبدالغفار خان یک رهبر روحانی و سیاسی بود که بخاطر مخالفت غیر خشونت آمیز خود با British Raj شناخته می شد. He was a member of the Indian National Congress from 1920 to 1947.[2]EnglishHe was a member of the Indian National Congress from 1920 to 1947.پښتوهغه د ۱۹۲۰ څخه تر ۱۹۴۷ پورې د هند د ملي کانګرس غړی و.دریاو از سال ۱۹۲۰ تا ۱۹۴۷ عضوی از کنگره ملی هند بود. Following the partition of India, he became a politician in Pakistan.[2]EnglishFollowing the partition of India, he became a politician in Pakistan.پښتود هند د وېشلو وروسته، هغه په پاکستان کې یو سیاستوال شو.دریبعد از تقسیم هند، او یک سیاستمدار در پاکستان شد. He led the Azad Party (1949–1957) and later served in various iterations of the National Awami Party.[2]EnglishHe led the Azad Party (1949–1957) and later served in various iterations of the National Awami Party.پښتوهغه د آزاد ګوند مشري وکړه (۱۹۴۹ تر ۱۹۵۷) او وروسته یې د ملي عوامي ګوند په بیلابیلو تکرارونو کې دنده ترسره کړه.دریاو حزب آزاد (۱۹۴۹ تا ۱۹۵۷) را رهبری کرد و بعداً در دوره های مختلف حزب عوامی ملی خدمت کرد. In 1962, he was designated a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.[2][6]EnglishIn 1962, he was designated a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.پښتوپه ۱۹۶۲ کې، هغه د بخښنې نړیوال سازمان لخوا د وجدان بندي په توګه وټاکل شو.دریدر سال ۱۹۶۲، او توسط سازمان عفو بین الملل به عنوان یک زندانی وجدان شناخته شد. He received the Jawaharlal Nehru Award in 1967 and the Bharat Ratna in 1987.[2]EnglishHe received the Jawaharlal Nehru Award in 1967 and the Bharat Ratna in 1987.پښتوهغه په ۱۹۶۷ کال کې د جواهر لال نهرو او په ۱۹۸۷ کال کې د هند رتنا جایزه ترلاسه کړه.دریاو در سال ۱۹۶۷ جایزه جواهر لال نهرو را دریافت کرد و در سال ۱۹۸۷ بهار رتنا را دریافت کرد.
Pashtun nationalism and unity
As a prominent Pashtun People nationalist, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan advocated for the unity of the subcontinent.[3]EnglishAs a prominent Pashtun People nationalist, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan advocated for the unity of the subcontinent.پښتوخان عبدالغفار خان پښتنو خلک قوم پرست په توګه د برصغیر د یووالي پلوی و.دریخان عبدالغفار خان به عنوان یک ملی گرای برجسته مردم پشتون ها از وحدت شبه قاره حمایت می کرد. He sought to promote Hindu–Muslim unity during the Indian independence movement.[2]EnglishHe sought to promote Hindu–Muslim unity during the Indian independence movement.پښتوهغه د هند د خپلواکۍ غورځنګ په جریان کې د هندو - مسلمان یووالي ته وده ورکولو هڅه وکړه.دریاو تلاش کرد تا اتحاد هندو و مسلمان را در جریان جنبش استقلال هند ترویج دهد. His political career in Pakistan involved serving as an independent politician (1947–1949) and as a member of the Azad Pakistan Party (1949–1957).[2]EnglishHis political career in Pakistan involved serving as an independent politician (1947–1949) and as a member of the Azad Pakistan Party (1949–1957).پښتوپه پاکستان کې د هغه سیاسي کیریر د خپلواک سیاستوال (۱۹۴۷ تر ۱۹۴۹) او د ازاد پاکستان ګوند (۱۹۴۹ تر ۱۹۵۷) غړي په توګه دنده ترسره کړې.دریشغل سیاسی او در پاکستان شامل خدمت به عنوان یک سیاستمدار مستقل (۱۹۴۷ تا ۱۹۴۹) و به عنوان یک عضو از حزب آزاد پاکستان (۱۹۴۹ تا ۱۹۵۷) بود.
Legacy as Fakhr-e-Afghan
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is remembered as a symbol of nonviolent resistance and Pashtun People identity.[4]EnglishKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is remembered as a symbol of nonviolent resistance and Pashtun People identity.پښتوخان عبدالغفار خان د عدم تشدد مقاومت او د پښتنو خلک هویت د سمبول په توګه یاد شوی دی.دریخان عبدالغفار خان به عنوان نمادی از مقاومت غیر خشونت آمیز و هویت مردم پشتون ها به یاد می ماند. He was recognized for his lifelong pacifism and his role as a spiritual leader who championed moral reform.[2]EnglishHe was recognized for his lifelong pacifism and his role as a spiritual leader who championed moral reform.پښتوهغه د خپل ټول عمر سوله غوښتونکي او د یو روحاني مشر په توګه د هغه د رول لپاره پیژندل شوی و چې د اخلاقي اصلاحاتو مدافع و.دریاو بخاطر صلح طلبی تمام عمرش و نقش او به عنوان یک رهبر معنوی که از اصلاحات اخلاقی دفاع می کرد، شناخته شد. He died in Peshawar in 1988 and is buried in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.[2][7]EnglishHe died in Peshawar in 1988 and is buried in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.پښتوهغه په ۱۹۸۸ کې په پېښور کې مړ شو او د افغانستان په جلال اباد کې خاورو ته وسپارل شو.دریاو در سال ۱۹۸۸ در پشاور درگذشت و در جلال آباد، افغانستان دفن شده است.