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Rahman Baba

Rahman Baba (c. 1650–1711) was a Pashto-language Sufi poet from Peshawar whose Dīwān — 343 poems, nearly all ghazals — is the most beloved work in the Pashto literary canon.EnglishRahman Baba (c. 1650–1711) was a Pashto-language Sufi poet from Peshawar whose Dīwān — 343 poems, nearly all ghazals — is the most beloved work in the Pashto literary canon.پښتورحمان بابا (۱۶۵۰ تر ۱۷۱۱) د پېښور څخه د پښتو ژبه ژبې صوفي شاعر و چې دیوان (۳۴۳ شعرونه، نږدې ټول غزلونه) یې د پښتو ادبي کانون کې ترټولو محبوب کار دی.دریرحمان بابا (۱۶۵۰ تا ۱۷۱۱) یک شاعر صوفی از پشاور بود که به زبان پشتو زبان صحبت می کرد و "دیوان" (۳۴۳ شعر، تقریباً تمام غزل ها) محبوب ترین اثر در کتب ادبی پشتو است. He is regarded as one of the greatest poets in the history of Pashto literature and is considered a prominent philosopher.[5][7]EnglishHe is regarded as one of the greatest poets in the history of Pashto literature and is considered a prominent philosopher.پښتوهغه د پښتو ادب په تاریخ کې یو له غوره شاعرانو څخه ګڼل کیږي او یو مشهور فیلسوف ګڼل کیږي.دریاو به عنوان یکی از بزرگ ترین شاعران در تاریخ ادبیات پشتو و یک فیلسوف برجسته در نظر گرفته می شود. Alongside Khushal Khan Khattak, he is one of the two most celebrated poets in the Pashto language.[1][2]EnglishAlongside Khushal Khan Khattak, he is one of the two most celebrated poets in the Pashto language.پښتود خوشال خان خټک تر څنګ، هغه په پښتو ژبه کې له دوو مشهورو شاعرانو څخه یو دی.دریدر کنار خوشال خان ختاک، او یکی از دو شاعر مشهور زبان پشتو است. He was a man of great character and charisma who, as a child, showed a love for study.[7][8]EnglishHe was a man of great character and charisma who, as a child, showed a love for study.پښتوهغه د علي کرکټر او کرزیما سړی و چې د ماشوم په توګه یې د مطالعې لپاره مینه ښودلې وه.دریاو مردی با شخصیت و کاریزمای علی بود که از کودکی عشق به مطالعه را نشان می داد.

Life

Born Abdur Rahmān Momand around 1650 in Bahadur Killi, Hazar Khawani, near Peshawar, he was a member of the Mohmand tribe of the Sarban confederacy. Records identify him as a member of the Baezai division of the Mohmand tribe.[1][5][9] His father was Abdus Sattar. He was a studious child who grew to be a man of great character.[7][8] He spent most of his life in the Peshawar Valley, composing poetry in Pashto with occasional verses in Persian.[1][3] He obtained education in Tasawwuf (Sufism) and Fiqh (jurisprudence) from Mulla Muhammad Yusuf Zai before moving to Kohat to study with various scholars.[10]
The exact dates of his birth and death remain uncertain. While some records suggest the year 1042 AH for his birth.[1][5][9][10] His Dīwān references events up to 1711, placing his death around that year. Other historical accounts provide varying dates for his death, including 1749.[11] Over twenty-five original handwritten manuscripts survive worldwide, including collections at the Pashto Academy in Peshawar, the British Library, and the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris.[2][3] Primary information about his life was also provided by Muhammad Hotak bin Dawood in his book Patta Khazana.[6]

Poetry and Sufi thought

Rahman Baba's poetry centres on divine love (ishq-e-haqiqi), self-purification, and the inner spiritual journey.EnglishRahman Baba's poetry centres on divine love (ishq-e-haqiqi), self-purification, and the inner spiritual journey.پښتود رحمان بابا شعر د الهي مینې، ځان پاکولو، او داخلي روحاني سفر باندې متمرکز دی.دریشعر رحمان بابا در مورد عشق الهی، خود پاکسازی و سفر معنوی درونی تمرکز دارد. His work eventually became a model for new poets, leading many to study his style and direction.[12]EnglishHis work eventually became a model for new poets, leading many to study his style and direction.پښتو(ايشق-اي-حقيقي) د هغه کار په پای کې د نوي شاعرانو لپاره یو ماډل شو، چې ډیری یې د هغه سټایل او لارښود مطالعه کولو لامل شو.دری(اشک ها و حکیک ها) کار او در نهایت به یک مدل برای شاعران جدید تبدیل شد و بسیاری را به مطالعه سبک و جهت او سوق داد. His verses prioritise mystical experience over outward religious formalism: "Rather than the unacceptable worship of the hypocrite, I prefer to be drunk on Saqi's wine."[3][4]EnglishHis verses prioritise mystical experience over outward religious formalism: "Rather than the unacceptable worship of the hypocrite, I prefer to be drunk on Saqi's wine."پښتود هغه غزلونه د بهرنی مذهبي فورمولستيستي په پرتله صوفي تجربې ته لومړیتوب ورکوي: "د منافق د نه منلو وړ عبادت څخه، زه ترجیح ورکوم د ساکي شراب سره ویده شم".دریشعرهای او تجربه عرفانی را بر فرمول گرایی ظاهری مذهبی اولویت می دهد: "به جای عبادت غیرقابل قبول منافق، من ترجیح می دهم از شراب ساکی مست شوم".

Scholars debate which Sufi order he belonged to — Chishti, Naqshbandi, or Qadiri.EnglishScholars debate which Sufi order he belonged to — Chishti, Naqshbandi, or Qadiri.پښتوپوهان په دې بحث کوي چې هغه د کوم صوفي مذهب سره تړاو لري.دریدانشمندان بحث می کنند که او به کدام فرقه صوفی تعلق دارد. His spiritual formation was influenced by his studies with Mulla Muhammad Yusuf Zai.[10]EnglishHis spiritual formation was influenced by his studies with Mulla Muhammad Yusuf Zai.پښتو(چشتي، نقشبندي، یا قادري) د هغه روحاني جوړښت د ملا محمد یوسف زای سره د هغه د مطالعاتو لخوا اغیزمن شوی و.دری(چشتی، نقشبندی یا قادری) شکل گیری معنوی او تحت تاثیر مطالعات او با ملا محمد یوسف زای بود. Internal evidence from the Dīwān suggests he may have been uwaysi — guided without a formal pir: "Those who have perfect intention of heart are guided without the guidance of a Pir."[3]EnglishInternal evidence from the Dīwān suggests he may have been uwaysi — guided without a formal pir: "Those who have perfect intention of heart are guided without the guidance of a Pir."پښتود ډیوان داخلي شواهد ښیي چې هغه ممکن اویسی وي.دریشواهد داخلی از دیوان نشان می دهد که او ممکن است اویسی بوده باشد (بدون یک پیر رسمی هدایت می شود: "کسانی که نیت کامل قلب دارند بدون هدایت یک پیر هدایت می شوند".)

He reportedly came into conflict with village mullahs over his neglect of formal mosque worship and possibly faced a kufr fatwa (apostasy charge), later reconciled.[3]EnglishHe reportedly came into conflict with village mullahs over his neglect of formal mosque worship and possibly faced a kufr fatwa (apostasy charge), later reconciled.پښتود رپوټونو له مخې هغه د کلیو له ملاانو سره د رسمي جومات عبادت له پامه غورځولو له امله په شخړه کې راغی او ممکن د کف فتوا سره مخ شوی وي، چې وروسته پکې پخلاینه شوې.دریگفته می شود که او با ملاهای دهکده به دلیل غفلت از عبادت رسمی مسجد در تضاد قرار گرفت و احتمالاً با فتوی کُفر مواجه شد، که بعداً مصالحه شد.

Legacy

Rahman Baba's verses are proverbial in Pashto.EnglishRahman Baba's verses are proverbial in Pashto.پښتود رحمان بابا شعرونه په پښتو کې مثالي دي.دریاشعار رحمان بابا در زبان پشتو ضرب المثل است. His poems are popular among every person in the Pashtun nation.[6]EnglishHis poems are popular among every person in the Pashtun nation.پښتود هغه شعرونه د پښتون ملت په هر کس کې مشهور دي.دریشعرهای او در بین هر فرد در ملت پشتون محبوب است. Speeches and sermons are considered incomplete without quoting him.EnglishSpeeches and sermons are considered incomplete without quoting him.پښتوویناګانې او خطبې د هغه له حواله کولو پرته نیمګړې ګڼل کیږي.دریسخنرانی ها و خطبه ها بدون نقل قول از او ناقص تلقی می شوند. Many Pashtuns regard his Dīwān as "next only to the Quran" in reverence.[1][4]EnglishMany Pashtuns regard his Dīwān as "next only to the Quran" in reverence.پښتوډیری پښتانه د هغه دیوان په درناوي کې "یوازې د قران په څنګ کې" ګ په پام کې ونیسئي.دریبسیاری از پشتون ها به دیوان او به عنوان "فقط در کنار قرآن" احترام می گذارند.

The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government built a shrine complex at his tomb in Hazar Khwani, including a marble mausoleum, mosque, library, and auditorium. A school of poetry was also built in his honor, where many people came to study.[12] An annual Urs celebration on 4 April features poetry recitations and mushaira gatherings. The shrine was attacked by militants in March 2009 and rebuilt in 2012.[1][4] A high school in western Kabul was also named in his honor, though it suffered large-scale destruction during the Soviet–Afghan War and the ongoing Afghanistan conflict.[13]

Notable verses

"There is no doubt in the sanctity of Mecca, but a donkey won't become
a Hajj pilgrim by just going through the motions."

"Ever since I took up the work of love in my hands, I have withdrawn
from any other work."

"I washed my hands of piety when the musician picked up the rebab."

Sources

  1. Rahman Baba — Wikipedia
  2. Diwan of Rahman Baba — Scholarly
  3. Rahman Baba — Life and Poetry
  4. Rahman Baba — BBC
  5. Biography of Rahman Baba | Afghanistan Online
  6. Pashto Poet Rahman baba History
  7. Diwan of Rahman Baba
  8. Rahman Baba biography and peoetry - virtualafghans.com
  9. رحمان بابا - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
  10. رحمان بابا - آزاد دائرۃ المعارف - ویکیپیڈیا
  11. Rahman Baba; a Poet of Morality and Mysticism in Pashto
  12. Rahman Baba - افغان امریکن کلتوري مرکز - مرکز فرهنگی افغان امریکن
  13. Rahman Baba High School - Wikipedia